But, in light of widespread adoption of the hymn with the above addition ('who wast crucified for us'), Calandion, Bishop of Antioch, sought to allay the controversy surrounding it by prefixing the words 'Christ, King'. Whether the Trisagion is to be understood as addressed to the Holy Trinity or addressed to God the Son has been a matter of contention, particularly between those who approved of the council of Chalcedon and those who were against it. Emperor Anastasius I's attempt to adopt the addition in 512 at Constantinople resulted in a riot. Those who understood the hymn as being addressed to the Trinity (such as John of Damascus ) censured Peter for propagating the teaching of the Theopaschites. It was more likely written during the time of Peter the Fuller who enforced its use as a sort of "test of orthodoxy against Nestorianism". According to Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor, the phrase 'who wast crucified for us' was added to it by Eustathius of Antioch to combat the Arians, although this is dismissed by some scholars. Various additions or modifications made to the Trisagion at certain points in history have been the subject of considerable controversy. It is true that the Kyrie eleison is not joined to a Latin version on the other hand, it is so simple and occurs so frequently, that its meaning could easily be learned and remembered – whereas the entire Trisagion might well receive a parallel version into Latin. But the explanation seems hardly necessary, in view of the retention of Kyrie eleison in the Roman Liturgy, as well as such Hebrew words as Amen, Alleluia, Hosanna, Sabaoth. Benedict XIV thought that the Greek formula was joined with the Latin in allusion to the divine voice heard at Constantinople. The Gallican Liturgy refers to it as being sung both in Greek and in Latin: Incipiente præsule ecclesia Ajus psallit, dicens latinum cum græco, as also previously in Greek alone, before the Prophetia. Traditionally, it is also considered proof that his Divinity did not part from his humanity. While taking the body of Christ off the cross with Joseph of Arimathea, Nicodemus saw Jesus Christ's eyes open and then shouted "Holy God, Holy Mighty, Holy Immortal". The Coptic Orthodox Church and Armenian Apostolic Church believe that the Trisagion originated from Nicodemus. However this goes against the menology tradition regarding its origin. Some believe it is extremely ancient, perhaps of apostolic-era origin. 576), which shows that the hymn is ancient. The hymn was one of the exclamations of the fathers at the Council of Chalcedon (451), and is common not only to all the Greek Oriental liturgies but was used also in the Gallican Liturgy (see Saint Germain of Paris, d. After giving this exhortation, the child died. The child was then seen to descend again to the earth, and in a loud voice he exhorted the people to pray : 'Holy God, Holy Mighty, Holy Immortal'. The tradition recounts that during the reign of Theodosius II (408–450) Constantinople was shaken by a violent earthquake, 24 September, and that whilst the people, the emperor and the Patriarch Proclus of Constantinople (434–446) were praying for heavenly assistance, a child was suddenly lifted into midair, to whom all cried out Kyrie eleison ('Lord, have mercy'). The hymn is of great antiquity, and perhaps much older than the event assigned by the Greek Menology as connected to its origin. In this hymn God is described as holy in three different qualities Agios o Theos means "Holy God". The Greek phrase Trisagion translates as "Thrice Holy". History Traditional origins An Icon of Christ the Ancient of Days fresco Ubisi, Georgia Qadišat Aloho, qadišat ḥaylṯono qadišat lo moyuṯo eṯraḥam ʿalayn.
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